Connected-speech drills

STO-pit

Final /p/ links to the vowel: 'sto-pit'.

Learners may preserve written word boundaries with a pause or glottal onset.

HOL-don

/d/ links across: 'hol-don'.

Learners may preserve written word boundaries with a pause or glottal onset.

TUR-ni-toff

Chain linking: 'tur-ni-toff'.

Learners may preserve written word boundaries with a pause or glottal onset.

NO-ta-tall

Three links: 'no-ta-tall'.

Learners may preserve written word boundaries with a pause or glottal onset.

GO-wa-WAY

A linking /w/ glide may bridge /əʊ/ and the following vowel: 'go-w-away'.

Learners may preserve written word boundaries with a pause or glottal onset.

DOO-wit NOW

A linking /w/ glide may bridge /uː/ and the following vowel: 'do-w-it'.

Learners may preserve written word boundaries with a pause or glottal onset.

FISH-n-CHIPS

'and' → /ən/ or /n/: 'fish-n-chips'.

Function words may retain a full written vowel instead of reducing in unstressed position.

a CUP-əv TEA

'of' → /əv/: 'cuppa tea'.

Function words may retain a full written vowel instead of reducing in unstressed position.

ROCK-n-ROLL

'and' → /n/: 'rock-n-roll'.

Function words may retain a full written vowel instead of reducing in unstressed position.

this is f'YOU

'for' → /fə/: 'this is f'you'.

Function words may retain a full written vowel instead of reducing in unstressed position.

I WANT-tə GO

'to' → /tə/: 'wanna go'.

Function words may retain a full written vowel instead of reducing in unstressed position.

C'NYOU help?

'can' → /kən/; 'you' → /jə/: 'c'n'you'.

Function words may retain a full written vowel instead of reducing in unstressed position.

NEX DAY

/t/ dropped in cluster: 'nex day'.

Cluster simplification is accent-, rate-, and context-sensitive; do not force it in careful speech.

MOS PEOPLE

/t/ elided: 'mos people'.

Cluster simplification is accent-, rate-, and context-sensitive; do not force it in careful speech.

FIF FLOOR

/θ/ dropped: 'fif floor'.

Cluster simplification is accent-, rate-, and context-sensitive; do not force it in careful speech.

a SANWICH

/d/ elided: 'sanwich'.

Cluster simplification is accent-, rate-, and context-sensitive; do not force it in careful speech.

very COMF-ter-b'l

Syllable reduction: 'comf-ter-b'l'.

Syllable-timed transfer may preserve every written syllable at equal strength.

TEM BOYS

/n/ → /m/ before /b/: 'tem boys'.

Regressive place changes are optional gradient processes, not spelling rules.

GUG GIRL

/d/ → /ɡ/ before /ɡ/: 'gug girl'.

Regressive place changes are optional gradient processes, not spelling rules.

DON-CHA

/t/ + /j/ → /tʃ/: 'don'tcha'.

The /t, d/ + /j/ sequence may remain careful or coalesce in casual speech.

WOULD-JA

/d/ + /j/ → /dʒ/: 'wouldja'.

The /t, d/ + /j/ sequence may remain careful or coalesce in casual speech.

LAW-r-and ORDER

Intrusive /r/ between /ɔː/ and /ə/: 'law-r-and'.

Relevant to non-rhotic linking systems; it should not be imposed on General American practice.

i-DEE-a-r-of-it

Intrusive /r/ after /ə/: 'idea-r-of'.

Relevant to non-rhotic linking systems; it should not be imposed on General American practice.

THAʔ SIDE

In casual British speech, /t/ may be glottalised before /s/. This is glottalization, not place assimilation.

Target-variety choice rather than an L1 error; retain a clear-/t/ option for careful speech.